06262006 歐盟《RoHS指令》七月一日正式生效

歐盟《RoHS指令》七月一日正式生效

適用於全歐盟的《限用六大有害物質指令》(RoHS) 將於今年7月1日正式生效。面對迫在眉梢的此刻，台灣廠商應儘速尋求第三方公正檢測實驗室的協助，以最具效益的方式，取得綠色通行證。另外，台灣業者若要持續在電子電器產業中大放異彩，追求永續經營，就必須與國際接軌，尋求更合乎全面環保的解決方案，從前端設計、採購、製程、生產、出貨、乃至於後續的查核工作，都必須落實綠色規定。

◎ RoHS標準和定義

自今年7月1日起，在歐盟市場銷售的電子及電器產品所採用的均質物料，其鉛、汞、六價鉻、聚溴聯苯(PBB)及聚溴聯苯醚(PBDE)含量，按重量計不得超過0.1℅，鎘含量不得超過0.01℅；被豁免者除外。

『均質物料』是指：不能以機械方式分拆為不同物質的物料。所謂以『機械方式分拆』，是指以鬆開螺絲、切割、撞擊、研磨和摩擦等程序分拆產品。

◎ 各國罰則 輕重不一

出口商若違反RoHS規定，將面臨罰鍰、可能被判處徒刑、或產品禁止輸入歐盟市場。關於歐盟各國對違規者的處罰也輕重不一，在西班牙違規者最高要罰款120萬歐元(150萬美元)，在德國最高罰5萬歐元，在賽普勒斯和愛沙尼亞則會有牢獄之災。另外，波蘭和英國表示，不會立刻處罰盡力配合的廠商，但會大力取締蓄意藐視RoHS法令的業者。

◎ 英國公佈RoHS執行指引

雖然《RoHS指令》列出各種限制狀況，但實際執行方式則由歐盟成員國自行決定。為免各國執行政策出現分歧，英國國家度量衡檢定實驗所(NWML)於今年5月31日公佈RoHS執行指引文件。雖然指引並無約束力，但能為進口及生產商提供清晰的建議，知道如何履行RoHS規定。該指引指出，成員國當局將假設生產商均有遵守規定，並要求他們做出聲明。生產商應妥善保存關於守規措施的文件，以作為遵守規定的基本證明。分析測試通常是證明遵守規定的最後一種方法，但生產商可以集中測試已知的高風險物質，作為確保守規的措施之ㄧ。

該指引建議以非破壞性的能量分散式X光螢光分析儀(ED-XRF)掃描產品及零件，做為產品測試的第一步，主要原因是此種方式費用較便宜，且不會造成產品分崩離析。不過，ED-XRF並非精確的測試方式，因此可能需要額外的測試。由於產品可能包涵數以百計或千計的零件，因此進一步測試時可依照下列準則選取個別物質作為測試對象：

高危險物質。
可以用一般實驗室工具拆解或機械方式分拆的零件。
用ED-XRF掃描，其結果介於邊緣的零件。
－ 本翻譯僅供參考，如有疑問請以網站原文為主。－

資料來源: 《香港貿發局 歐盟商情快訊網站》

詳細內容請參考:
http://www.tdctrade.com/alert/eu0613.htm

如有測試或報價問題請電洽：
(02) 2299-3279 Ext. 3102~3124 (業務客服組)
或請參考SGS之 RoHS檢測服務。


EU RoHS law bring into effect on 1 July

Hong Kong electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) traders have no doubt been concertedly gearing up for implementation of the Restrictions on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, set to take effect on 1 July 2006, EU-wide. The Directive harmonises the Member States' regulations on acceptable levels of certain chemicals and metals in homogenous materials in virtually all EEE that is placed on the market.

By 1 July, all homogenous materials within these products put onto the EU market will not be permitted to contain more than 0.1% by weight of lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PBDE and more than 0.01% by weight of cadmium, unless the products are subject to one of the applicable exemptions.

While the RoHS Directive lays out the restrictions, it leaves the methods of enforcement and compliance to the discretion of the Member States. Worries about the possibility of multiple different compliance and enforcement regimes, however, were lessened on 31 May 2006, when the enforcement agency of the UK, the National Weights and Measures Laboratory (NWML) issued its RoHS Enforcement Guidance Document after discussions within the EU RoHS Enforcement Authorities Informal Network. Although the Guidance Document is non-binding on the Member States, it is extremely useful to importers and producers as it provides clear advice on how they may demonstrate compliance.

The Member States will all be applying a presumption of conformity backed by self-declarations from producers. This means that keeping appropriate documentation on compliance procedures will be the primary method of demonstrating conformity.

While analytical testing (particularly testing which destroys the product) is said to be the last resort of the enforcement authorities, it may be wise for producers to include certain types of targeted testing as part of their CAS or as justification for reliance on new suppliers' warranties of compliance.

Screening products and parts through non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) is a recommended first step in product testing, as it can be done relatively cheaply and without extensive disassembling. ED-XRF, however, is not a precision testing method, so further testing may be needed. As products may be made up of hundreds, or thousands, of constituent parts, further testing should be done selectively, based on several principles set out in the Guidance Document:
‧ Focus on samples from "high concern" materials.
‧ Focus on samples which can be disassembled using ordinary laboratory tools or which can be mechanically disjointed.
‧ Focus on parts which give borderline results in ED-XRF screening.

The key to analytical testing in the Guidance Document is assuring that parts are being disassembled to the level of their constituent homogenous materials and the materials are being tested individually. A homogenous material is a material that cannot be mechanically disjointed into different materials. The term mechanically disjointed means that the materials can, in principle, be separated by mechanical actions such as unscrewing, cutting, crushing, grinding and abrasive processes. Materials can only be treated as homogenous if they are of uniform consistency throughout or if they cannot be mechanically disjointed and analysis of the individual homogenous materials is not possible.

Source: 《Business Alert - EU in Tdctrade Website》
http://www.tdctrade.com/alert/eu0613.htm